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Morbid obesity is the term given to obesity that can cause fatal problems due to the risks it creates and therefore shortens life expectancy. It should be emphasized that this is one of the most common problems both in our country and worldwide. The factor that causes this problem is taking in more calories than the body needs.
The body needs calories for digesting consumed foods, pumping blood by the heart, and allowing all systems in the body to function properly, including at rest. Taking in more calories than the body can use means fat storage. When excess calories begin to be stored by the body and this process continues, obesity appears as an inevitable outcome. In this type of obesity, we will discuss how the calculation is made and how the surgery is performed. However, first, let us address what the symptoms are.
Symptoms of Morbid Obesity
In general, the sign of obesity-level overweight is the appearance of excess weight on the body. However, when it comes to morbid obesity, almost every system of the body is negatively affected. For this reason, in addition to complaints related to excessive weight, a greater number of symptoms occur. Of course, we cannot say that the symptoms will appear with the same severity in every patient. However, we can list the commonly seen symptoms as follows:
- Weight gain
- Increase in waist circumference
- Experiencing breathing difficulties
- Shortness of breath during movement
- Sleep apnea
- Difficulty breathing while exercising
- Difficulty during simple daily activities due to respiratory problems
- Excessive sweating
- High cholesterol
- A sensation of heart palpitations
- Chest pain due to vascular blockage
- Persistent or occasionally worsening joint pain
- Feeling tired
- Weakness
- A depressive mood
- Lack of self-confidence
Since patients experience many difficulties in their daily lives due to morbid obesity, complaints such as becoming withdrawn over time and developing depression may also arise. This may lead to outcomes such as viewing life more negatively and seeing obesity as a “destiny” instead of seeking treatment. However, it is possible to get rid of this problem with a little effort and a little faith. The patient’s willingness to receive treatment also plays a role in achieving more successful treatment outcomes.
Is There a Treatment for Morbid Obesity?
First of all, it should be known that the problem of morbid obesity should never be evaluated solely as an overweight problem. Because it can cause extremely serious health problems, and accordingly, the shortening of life expectancy becomes an issue.
High blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, reflux, fatty liver, and infertility are just a few of the disorders that this type of obesity can cause. At the same time, different problems such as joint calcification, digestive system problems, and skin disorders may also occur. The reason this type of obesity shortens life and can sometimes even lead to sudden death is precisely this.
Of course, when a diagnosis of morbid obesity is made, treatment options should be evaluated without delay. However, sometimes the treatment to be applied for this patient group includes surgical intervention, and it should be noted that it is a risky surgery. At this point, the surgical option may be considered if the risk of complications is low.
However, an approach such as “every patient must definitely undergo surgery” is not correct. If the risk of loss of life is high, different methods may be preferred. Options such as transitioning patients to a healthy, comprehensive, and regular nutrition program and implementing exercise programs can be evaluated to reduce the difficulties experienced.
However, it should not be overlooked that the patient-doctor relationship and patient follow-up are of great importance here. If the patient is diligent, takes the doctor’s recommendations and warnings seriously, and follows them exactly, there is no obstacle to achieving a successful result.
Morbid Obesity Calculation
As is known, the obesity problem is divided into various classes according to the patient’s body mass index. A calculation method is used by dividing the person’s weight by the square of their height. If the person’s body mass index is over 30 in this calculation method, a diagnosis of obesity can be made. If the person’s body mass index is over 40, then morbid obesity can be mentioned. The “Lorentz Vandervaei” formula is used to determine the person’s ideal body weight.
According to this formula, the ideal body weight calculation is as follows:
- For women: 50 kg + (height – 150 cm) x 0.6
- For men: 50 kg + (height – 150 cm) x 0.7
The Harms of Severe Obesity
The problem of morbid obesity, which seriously reduces patients’ quality of life, causes various harms not only physically but also mentally. First of all, it should be noted that patients may experience knee problems at an early age. Since this condition prevents them from moving, it leads to less movement and continuously gaining more weight.
Therefore, patients enter a vicious cycle. Diabetes and hypertension problems are also experienced. At the same time, it should not be forgotten that it causes some problems such as arteriosclerosis, which can lead to fatal consequences. For these patients, arteriosclerosis and heart problems are the most important risks. Because issues such as stroke and infarction may also occur due to these problems.
Severe obesity at the morbid level can also cause patients to experience urological problems and bone issues. Sleep apnea prevents them from having a healthy sleep process, and this leads to psychological difficulties as well. Respiratory distress and social isolation should also be mentioned among the harms.
Morbid Obesity Surgery
Patients with morbid obesity first want to know the risks of surgery and wonder whether there is a risk of death. First of all, we should state that there is no risk-free surgery. Of course, this surgery also carries some risks within itself. It should not be forgotten that even the anesthesia applied carries a risk. In this type of obesity, surgery must absolutely be entered with zero risk.
The patient’s heart condition, thyroid condition, and endocrine system must be evaluated meticulously. A series of analyses and tests must be carried out to understand the patient’s entire body and identify existing problems. Surgery should then be planned.
We should state that a comprehensive check-up is required. Because morbid obesity patients need to be distinguished from other patients. The postoperative period is also of great importance. For example, the patient may develop a fever, and this is often caused by leakage after surgery. This condition may not have a reversal. If infection develops, the patient may lose their life within one week to 10 days. The surgery absolutely needs to be performed by an experienced surgeon.
In addition, if the patient has diabetes along with morbid obesity, a type of surgery called gastric bypass or SADI-S may be preferred. If the patient is 100% diabetic, then bypass may be necessary. Gastric sleeve surgery is an option that can be considered due to its much lower risk of complications. It is very important for the patient to choose the doctor with great care. Because the risks need to be evaluated very well, and this is only possible by choosing an experienced surgeon in this field. You can write all your questions about the subject in the comments section.
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