General Surgery

General Surgery is one of the fundamental branches of medicine that covers the surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting many organs and tissues, especially the digestive system. This specialty is closely concerned with diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, breast, thyroid, and abdominal wall.

The main purpose of general surgery is to accurately diagnose diseases, determine the appropriate surgical or non-surgical treatment method, and improve the patient’s quality of life. Today, thanks to advancing technology, many procedures can be performed more comfortably using closed (laparoscopic) methods.

General surgery is not limited to operations alone. Diagnostic processes, follow-up, preventive medicine, and postoperative care are also among the important areas of responsibility of this specialty.

What Is the Gallbladder and How Do Gallbladder Diseases Occur

The gallbladder is a small organ where bile produced by the liver is stored and released into the duodenum during digestion. It plays an important role especially in the digestion of fatty foods.

Gallbladder diseases are mostly associated with the formation of gallstones. Over time, gallstones can block the flow of bile, causing pain, nausea, indigestion, and inflammation. This condition can seriously affect daily life.

The treatment plan is determined according to the severity of the disease. In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be required, and today gallbladder surgeries are mostly performed safely using closed methods.

What Are Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal) Diseases and Why Are They Important

The adrenal glands are vital structures that maintain the body’s hormonal balance. They are responsible for the production of hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone, and these hormones affect metabolism, blood pressure, and the stress response.

Masses or hormonal disorders developing in the adrenal glands can lead to serious systemic problems. High blood pressure, sudden weight changes, fatigue, and heart rhythm disorders may accompany these conditions.

Hormone tests and imaging methods are used in the diagnostic process. In some cases, surgical treatment may be necessary, and these procedures are planned by general surgery specialists.

What Is Achalasia, What Are Its Symptoms, and What Are the Treatment Methods

Achalasia is a rare digestive system disease that occurs when the muscle structure at the lower end of the esophagus cannot relax. This condition manifests itself with difficulty swallowing and a sensation of food getting stuck behind the chest.

Over time, patients may have difficulty swallowing solid and liquid foods, and may experience pain after meals and weight loss. If left untreated, achalasia seriously reduces quality of life.

Treatment options include medication, endoscopic interventions, and surgical methods. Surgical treatment can provide lasting relief, especially in advanced cases.

What Is Goiter, What Causes It, and When Is Surgery Necessary

Goiter is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland becomes larger than normal. The thyroid gland plays an important role in the secretion of hormones that regulate metabolism.

Causes of goiter include iodine deficiency, hormonal imbalances, and autoimmune diseases. In some patients, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, and noticeable swelling in the neck may be observed.

Treatment is determined according to the type of goiter and the patient’s symptoms. Surgical intervention may be required in large goiters or those containing nodules.

What Is an Anal Fissure and How Is It Treated

An anal fissure is a small tear in the anal area and usually manifests itself with severe pain. Pain that increases especially during bowel movements and bleeding are among the most common symptoms.

Constipation, passing hard stools, and prolonged straining are the most common causes of this condition. If left untreated, it can become chronic and seriously reduce quality of life.

Treatment initially involves medications and lifestyle changes. In resistant cases, a permanent solution can be achieved with surgical methods.

What Is Hemorrhoids and How Is It Treated

Hemorrhoids are a common condition caused by the enlargement of veins in the anal area. It manifests itself with symptoms such as itching, pain, bleeding, and swelling.

Sitting for long periods, constipation, and poor dietary habits can trigger the development of hemorrhoids. The severity of symptoms may vary depending on the stage of the disease.

Treatment options include medication, minimally invasive interventions, and surgical methods. The appropriate treatment plan is determined according to the degree of the disease.

What Is Pilonidal Sinus, What Causes It, and How Is It Treated

Pilonidal sinus is a condition usually seen in the tailbone area and occurs when hairs that penetrate under the skin cause infection. It is more common in young men.

Pain while sitting, swelling, and discharge are among the most common symptoms. Poor hygiene and prolonged sitting are among the risk factors.

Treatment is planned according to the stage of the disease. Thanks to surgical methods, pilonidal sinus can be treated permanently.

What Is Reflux, What Are Its Symptoms, and When Is Surgery Necessary

Reflux is a digestive system disease caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Burning in the chest, heartburn, and a bitter fluid coming into the mouth are the most common symptoms.

Long-term reflux can cause damage to the esophagus and reduce quality of life. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important.

In cases where medication does not provide a response, surgical methods may come into play. General surgery plays an important role in the permanent treatment of this disease.

What Is a Stomach Ulcer, What Are Its Symptoms, and How Is It Treated

A stomach ulcer is a sore that forms on the inner lining of the stomach and usually manifests itself with stomach pain. Pain that increases on an empty stomach, nausea, and bloating are common symptoms.

Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term use of painkillers are among the most common causes. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications.

Medications are the primary treatment, but in some cases surgical intervention may be necessary. Regular follow-up helps keep the disease under control.

What Is Colon Cancer, What Are Its Symptoms, and the Importance of Early Diagnosis

Colon cancer consists of malignant tumors that develop in the large intestine. It may not cause symptoms in the early stages, and this can delay diagnosis.

In advanced stages, symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, bloody stools, and weight loss may occur. Regular screenings are of vital importance for early diagnosis.

Surgery is the main treatment method. The success rate is quite high in cases diagnosed early.

What Are the Causes of Enlarged Spleen and When Is Intervention Necessary

The spleen is an important part of the immune system and is responsible for filtering blood cells. Enlargement of the spleen may occur as a sign of different diseases.

Infections, blood disorders, and liver problems may cause an enlarged spleen. A feeling of fullness in the upper left part of the abdomen is common.

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Treatment is planned according to the underlying cause.

What Is Liver Cancer, What Are Its Stages, and Treatment Approaches

Liver cancer is a serious disease that usually develops on the basis of cirrhosis. The absence of symptoms in the early stages may make diagnosis difficult.

In later stages, abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss may be seen. Staging is of great importance in determining the treatment plan.

Surgery is the most effective treatment method in suitable patients. A multidisciplinary approach increases treatment success.